According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, or the AAAAI, more than half the American population tests positive for one or more allergen. Common allergies cause similar reactions in the body, such as skin rashes, nasal complications, eye irritation and asthma. Different substances cause allergies and the more you are exposed to them, the worse your allergies will be.
Cause
According to the MayoClinic.com, allergies are caused by an immune system reaction. When a substance enters the body that the immune system recognizes as potentially hazardous, it will attempt to fight it off by releasing antibodies. The antibodies trigger histamine, a chemical in the body that causes allergic reaction symptoms. Histamine can cause nasal congestion, sneezing fits, watery eyes, hives and chest tightness.
Types
According to FamilyDoctor.org, the most common types of allergens are environmental and household allergens. Exposure to pollens, especially during springtime, can cause and worsen your allergies.
Mold spores in the air and visible mold can also cause and worsen allergies. All molds should be eliminated from the home to improve allergic reactions. Other household allergens are dust mites, cockroaches and pet dander. Maintain a clean home free of dust and avoid owning a pet. Certain foods can cause an allergic reaction, such as dairy, nuts and eggs. Insect bites can also cause an allergic reaction.
Symptoms
Once you come in contact with an allergen, you will experience various symptoms. MayoClinic.com states that common symptoms from allergies are nasal issues such as a runny nose, congestion and drainage, swelling of the face and lips, and asthmatic reactions. In rare cases, exposure to an allergen can cause an extreme immune response called anaphylaxis. This condition is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Treatment
According to MedlinePlus, avoidance of allergens is the most effective treatment. The use of OTC medications can help manage and treat common allergic reaction symptoms but these should be used under a doctor's supervision.
Antihistamines and decongestants are used to treat allergy symptoms. Antihistamines block histamine from entering the bloodstream, providing relief to common allergy symptoms. Decongestants are used to treat sinus congestion caused by inflammation.
Complications
Constant exposure to an allergen can cause chronic sinusitis or chronic hay fever, according to MayoClinic.com. Chronic sinusitis is a constant sinus infection that lasts for an extended period of time. Chronic hay fever is a condition where someone has allergy symptoms constantly, mainly affecting the sinuses.
