Attention-deficit disorder, or ADD, also known as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is a neurobiological developmental disorder that typically manifests during childhood. ADD symptoms fall into two groups, inattentiveness and hyperactivity/lack of impulse control. An ADD diagnosis requires at least six symptoms from each group. The symptoms are set forth by the fourth edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders," or DSM IV, which is published by the American Psychiatric Association.
Attentiveness Symptoms
A person with ADD can be inattentive to the point of carelessness. He may be easily distracted when performing a task. When speaking to an individual with ADD, she may appear to not listen, even when asked a direct question. Children and adults with ADD can have difficulty following directions. This is especially apparent in the classroom or workplace. People with ADD can have terrible organizational skills, even when given ample time to complete a project. They often cannot concentrate for long periods of time. ADD patients may be forgetful and misplace items necessary to complete a project.
Hyperactivity/Impulse Control Symptoms
A person with ADD may find it difficult to sit still for even short periods of time. He may be active at inappropriate times, standing when sitting is required. She may find it difficult to remain silent, answer abruptly and appear to be in constant motion. She may also find it difficult to follow expected rules of behavior, not waiting for her turn or interrupting the activities or conversations of others.
Treatment of ADD
ADD is treated with a combination of prescription medication and behavioral therapy. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate, the generic version of Ritalin, are prescribed most often and are effective in treating 70 to 80 percent of children with ADD. But non-stimulant drugs, like atomoxetine, can also effectively treat ADD. Antidepressants can also effectively treat ADD. Behavioral therapy can help ADD patients, their parents and teachers develop effective coping mechanisms. Through therapy, ADD patients learn appropriate social skills and can practice new behavioral patterns. Their care providers are able to learn how to elicit better behavior.
