Eczema is the name given to a group of skin conditions including atopic dermatitis, neuurodermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. It is characterized by itchy inflamed skin and usually affects skin on the arms and behind the knees. It mostly affects children and babies but can also affect adults. The goal of eczema treatment is to reduce itch and inflammation and prevent further flare-ups. There are a number of eczema treatment strategies including the use of topical creams and lotions.
Prescription Creams
A doctor may prescribe a topical corticosteroid such as betamethasone for the treatment of eczema. According to the UK-based international health care company Bupa, a patient should start with the mildest formulation possible to reduce the risk of side-effects. Using a strong steroid or even using a milder formulation long-term can make the skin more fragile. Other side effects of long-term topical corticosteroid use can include skin irritation, discoloration and infections. A doctor may also prescribe a topical immunosuppressant such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus to reduce inflammation. Although these type of medicines have fewer side effects, their long-term safety is unknown.
OTC Creams
Mild steroid creams are available over-the-counter and usually contain hydrocortisone. These creams help calm flare-ups of suppressing the body's inflammatory response. Aalthough a prescription is not required, MayoClinic.com recommends consulting a doctor before using OTC steroid creams; though milder than prescription creams, they can still cause side effects.
Emollients
Emollients are mild skin lotions that help to soothe eczema symptoms by hydrating the skin. They reduce dryness and may help to prevent further eczema flare-ups. According to Bupa, emollients are the most common eczema treatment but it may be necessary to try a number of different types in order to find one what that works for a particular person. FamilyPracticeNotebook.com says that most effective moisture-trapping emollients are those with mineral oil and petroleum jelly bases.
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