The colon is a significant part of the digestive system, comprised of the large intestines and connecting to the small intestines. The colon is responsible for sending waste out of the body after absorbing water and salt from partially digested foods. Several abnormalities can occur with the colon, causing mild to severe disruption of the digestive process. In the event of intestinal failure, symptoms may not present initially, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. However, signs of disease vary, depending on the conditions that are present in the colon.
Poor Nutrient Absorption
The colon condition referred to as short bowel syndrome occurs primarily in children as a congenital defect or as a result of surgical treatment of intestinal disease. The condition prevents proper nutrient absorption, according to the University of California San Francisco Medical Center. Most cases of short bowel syndrome call for partial small intestine removal, which alters the way the colon absorbs water, vitamins and nutrients. Symptoms associated with this condition include: diarrhea, dehydration and weight loss. Cramping, bloating and fatigue may also occur as a result of colon failure from short bowel syndrome. Due to the lack of proper nutrient digestion in this condition, food sensitivities likely develop. The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse notes that in severe cases of short bowel related colon failure, untreated symptoms can lead to death.
Tumor Growth
Cancerous tumors of various size and severity can form in the colon. The MayoClinic.com notes that colon cancer may start as benign, but the condition can lead to malignant tumors. Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or frequency, signify possible colon failure. Blood in stools or the rectum as well as persistent abdominal pain, weakness and fatigue may also accompany this condition. Another condition resulting in tumors leading to colon failure is Desmoid tumor. The University of California San Francisco Medical Center explains that children with a family history of colon cancer are at increased risk for developing this condition. Symptoms of intestinal failure from Desmoid tumor include painless swelling, bowel obstruction and soreness from nerve compression.
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, impact the colon and can cause intestinal failure. Inflammation from this source forces the walls of the bowels to swell constantly and initially causes moderate intestinal discomfort. In serious cases, pain is severe and accompanied by nausea or vomiting, notes the MayoClinic.com. Additional symptoms include fever, joint pain and weight loss. The University of California San Francisco Medical Center explains that intestinal failure due to chronic inflammation is serious and requires specialized treatment to manage symptoms.
