Cosmetics are defined as topical applications in the form of creams, lotions, ointments or sprays that are meant to enhance the appearance, texture or quality of the skin. When an individual is allergic to their cosmetics, the result is generally a contact dermatitis. However, in some instances an allergic reaction can constitute a serious physical reaction and even death. The American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology reports that an estimated 40 to 50 million Americans are adversely affected by allergens, with almost 6 million visits to a doctor every year.
Fragrance
Fragrance is a strong scent added to a product to make it more appealing to the nose. It can either comprise the majority of a cosmetic, such as in perfume, or add to its aesthetic appeal. However, many individuals are allergic to fragrance and exhibit skin reactions known as contact dermititis. Others experience acute respiratory reactions such as an asthma attack. According to the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, companies are safeguarded from disclosing chemicals used in their proprietary blends. While not all chemical compounds in any one product are known, the average perfume consists of about 10 known allergens.
Preservatives
Cosmetic companies use preservatives to maintain the freshness and stability for shelf life of a product. Proctor and Gamble Beauty and Grooming Science website suggests that preservatives are used for their ability to keep the public safe from harmful micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, cosmetic companies also utilize preservatives such as formaldehyde for their ability to provide anti-microbial properties that keep products from spoiling or changing when exposed to the elements. Individuals with a sensitivity to preservatives can experience allergic reactions, most often in the form of a skin rash.
Botanicals
Cosmetic companies have become more and more dependent on the addition of botanical ingredients in their products, adding to their "natural" appeal. Botanicals are plant-derived and can be flowering, all adding to their allergenic qualities. The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America lists symptoms associated with a botanical allergy as coughing, sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose, scratchy throat, rash, hives, low blood pressure, respiratory problems and even death. Allergies cannot be cured, but taking proper steps towards preventing an attack and limiting exposure can certainly help.
References
- American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology; Statistics
- Campaign for Safe Cosmetics; Fragrance
- Proctor and Gamble Beauty and Grooming Science; Cosmetic Preservatives
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration; Medical Surveillance: Formaldehyde
- Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America; Information About Asthma, Allergies, Food Allergies and More
