A torn ligament, or sprain, is a common injury that can affect any joint in the body. A ligament is a fibrous band of tissue that connects two bones together. When a joint is overstretched, the ligament holding the joint together can stretch and tear. A torn ligament can cause pain, swelling and instability in the affected joint. A patient with a torn ligament should discuss treatment options with his doctor. In most cases, conservative treatments are preferred, but surgery may be necessary in severe cases.
Rest
If the ligament tear is partial or mild, rest is the first treatment option, according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. The patient should avoid using the affected limb as much as possible. For example, a patient with a torn ankle ligament, or sprained ankle, should avoid walking until the pain and swelling subside. Rest allows the body to begin the healing process.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is an accepted treatment for a torn ligament, reports MayoClinic.com. Regular physical therapy helps improve stability, strength and flexibility of the affected joint. In addition, a physical therapist can perform treatments to reduce pain and swelling around the torn ligament. Furthermore, a physical therapist can give a patient a home exercise program so the patient can continue rehabilitating the ankle after the course of physical therapy. Continuing recommended exercises can reduce the risk of re-injuring the torn ligament.
Medications
A doctor may recommend nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and swelling around the torn ligament, states MayoClinic.com. NSAIDs alter chemical signals that cause pain and inflammation around the torn ligament. Taking medication as directed can reduce inflammation, which allows the body to begin the healing process. Patients with heart, stomach, kidney or liver problems should consult a physician before taking NSAIDs. Serious side effects include stomach bleeding, liver problems and heart complications.
Surgery
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to treat a torn ligament. The AAOS states that surgery is reserved for injuries that do not improve with conservative treatments. A surgeon may use stitches to re-attach the torn ligament. In some cases, the surgeon may use ligaments in other parts of the body to repair the damaged ligament. Risks and benefits of ligament reconstruction surgery should be discussed with the surgeon.
