A corticosteroid aims to mimic the cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Its function is to reduce inflammation and swelling caused by several common ailments ranging from skin conditions to chronic respiratory diseases. There are many corticosteroid treatments available in which application depends on the type of illness. Patients should always follow prescribed dosage, as corticosteroids are relatively strong.
Inhalants
Physicians usually prescribe corticosteroid inhalers to individuals with mild to severe asthma or those with chronic pulmonary disorders like emphysema. Common medications include budesonide and fluticasone, which act to reduce inflammation of the lungs, specifically the bronchial passages. Asthmatics and other sufferers of chronic respiratory diseases have sensitive, swollen and irritated lung tissue. Corticosteroids helps to reduce this irritation and inflammation to make external agents less aggravating, which in turn reduces symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness.
Creams and Ointments
Individuals prone to skin rashes due to genetic conditions or allergies usually use topical corticosteroids that come in the form of creams and ointments. Eczema and psoriasis sufferers apply this medication to prevent chemicals from being released from skin cells that cause inflammation. The corticosteroid in these topical drugs also slows the constriction of blood vessels that enable skin swelling, according to MayoClinic.com. In the case of tendinitis, where the fibers that join the muscle to bone exhibit irritation and inflammation, injection corticosteroids quickly reduce symptoms as it enters the bloodstream.
Tablet or Syrup
For oral administration, corticosteroids come in both tablet and syrup form. They both provide relief to inflamed tissue around the body and lessen swelling, redness, itching and allergies, MayoClinic.com reports. Both begin to work within three hours of dosage but are most effective approximately six to 12 hours after, according to the New York State Department of Health. Doctors usually use this form in short time intervals, as long-term usage can cause severe health complications, including bone mineral loss, increase of blood sugar, weight gain and even cataracts, notes the health department. For asthmatics, a severe attack or respiratory illnesses like bronchitis may require the need of an oral corticosteroid like prednisone. Over the course of the dosage, the prednisone reduces inflamed lung tissue for easier breathing.
