Decongestants are used in the treatment of allergies and sinus infections. These drugs offer short-term relief from allergy symptoms and work to open nasal passages that are blocked due to infections. Though mainly safe, there is some potential for abuse and some decongestants are used in drug blends, which has led to placement behind the counter in stores. Understanding the types of decongestants available can help individuals ask for the right decongestant for their needs.
Eye Drops
Decongestants are available in eye drop form for individuals who may be suffering from allergic reactions and conjunctivitis according to the University of Maryland. This type of decongestant is applied directly to the eye and provides relief by constricting blood vessels to reduce swelling and promote positive drainage.
Nasal Sprays and Drops
Nasal sprays and nasal drops are one of the most common types of topical decongestants, according to AAAAI.org. Of the decongestant types, topical nasal sprays and drops generally provide the fastest relief from symptoms of congestion, becoming effective in as little as 10 minutes. Effects can last for a few up to 24 hours depending on the formulation.
They work by constricting the blood vessels and tissues in the congested area, squeezing out water and mucus. This leaves nasal and sinus cavities drier and promotes drainage by reducing swelling according to FamilyDoctor.org.
With this type of decongestant, it is important to note that the relief is temporary. This holds true both for daily applications and over time. Nasal decongestants used for several days in a row can lose their effectiveness and cause fierce symptomatic rebound according to the Mayo Clinic.
Orally-Ingested Decongestants
Orally-ingested decongestants are available as both pills and liquids to be swallowed, although pills are more common. The availability of decongestant pills is restricted in many areas due to the use of the drugs as blends with certain types of narcotics; this means that over-the-counter purchases are located behind the counter and prescription strength oral decongestants are monitored closely, says FamilyDoctor.org.
Sudafed is one of the flagship oral decongestant brands, as is Contac. Both contain pseudoephedrine as the active ingredient. Non-drowsy versions are also available.
Orally-ingested decongestants start to work in about one hour and can provide relief from symptoms of congestion for four to 24 hours depending on the formulation.
