Cellulitis is a bacterial infection that affects the deepest layer of an individual's skin. It is most commonly seen in the lower legs and usually occurs when bacteria enters the body through a break in the skin in the form of a cut, scratch, or a bite. Symptoms of this condition include redness or swelling that keeps getting bigger, tight and glossy looking skin, pain or tenderness, sudden appearance of a skin rash, fever, chills, and muscle aches. If not treated in time, leg cellulitis can become serious and complications may arise, according to Medi Resource, Inc.
Preseptal Cellulitis
MayoClinic.com says that once the deeper skin layer in the legs is affected, the infection can spread quickly by entering the lymph nodes and the bloodstream of the individual. It can also reach the eyelids of the individual. Medi Resource, Inc., states that this is called preseptal cellultis. It leads to the development of a painful or itchy rash. The bacteria can also get behind the seal where the eye is connected to the socket. This is referred to as orbital cellulitis and is a medical emergency, because it can cause impaired vision. If immediate treatment is not provided, it may cause irreversible damage to the eye, leading to permanent vision loss. It may also spread to the brain and cause meningitis.
Meningitis
Once the bacterium spreads to the eye socket, it can enter the skull cavity, says Medi Resource, Inc. This can cause inflammation in the meninges, which is the lining protecting the brain and the spinal cord, also known as meningitis. It can block the blood vessels present in the brain, which can, in turn, cause stroke and brain damage. It can also harm the other organs of the body.
Blood Poisoning
Bacterium that spreads through the lymphatic system or the bloodstream causes red lines to appear under the skin before the actual rash becomes visible, according to Medi Resource, Inc. If a red line is going straight to the heart, it means that there is a possibility of blood poisoning. This is called septicemia, and it is an emergency condition requiring the immediate attention of a physician.
Other Complications
MayoClinic.com reports that the infection in leg cellulitis can go further deep. It can affect the fascial lining, which is the deep layer of tissue. Necrotizing fascitis, or flesh-eating strep, may occur in such a case, requiring immediate attention. Gangrene, or tissue destruction, may also occur, which can result in loss of limb. Recurrence of leg cellulitis may also occur, which can cause permanent color changes in the skin around the area.
