The signs and symptoms of depression vary from person to person, depending on age, gender, circumstances and many other physical, psychological and environmental factors. "The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-IV) from the American Psychiatric Association is the guide used by mental health care professionals to diagnose psychological disorders. According to the DSM-IV, if you experience five or more of the following symptoms, and at least one of them is sadness or loss of interest in everyday activities, for a period of at least two weeks, you may be diagnosed with depression. Although depression will not go away on its own, the symptoms can be treated.
Sadness
The sadness of depression is generally much more profound and longer lasting than the ordinary sadness one feels over an unfortunate event. People who are depressed often get teary-eyed or cry for no apparent reason.
Loss of Interest in Everyday Activities
People with depression often become less socially involved with others and withdraw from most or all of the activities they normally enjoy, including sex.
Hopelessness
Feelings of utter despair may arise from initial feelings of worthlessness, guilt and hopelessness. There usually isn't a single reason for these feelings but just a general feeling of helplessness, as if nothing will ever change.
Loss of Focus
Depression can make it difficult to concentrate on work and everyday tasks at home. It may become more and more difficult to make simple decisions.
Irritability
Depression can lead to exaggerated feelings of impatience, frustration and overreaction to annoying situations. Although anger is not an official symptom of depression, it is often referred to as "depression turned inside out." Anger in depression is viewed as extreme sensitivity to loss or rejection that may be real or imagined. Depression sometimes occurs when an angry person finally lets go of deep-rooted anger.
Restlessness
Restlessness is an inability to relax, sit still or feel satisfied with normal activities. These feelings often go hand-in-hand with anxiety, which may accompany or lead to depression.
Sleep Disorders
People who are depressed may sleep more than usual or may not be able to get enough sleep. When depression is coupled with anxiety, for instance, it may be difficult to fall asleep, sleep may be interrupted and early awakening is common.
Fatigue and Weakness
Depression often leaves people with feelings of overwhelming tiredness and decreased energy, day after day. Both depression and fatigue are exacerbated by a lack of physical fitness and activity.
Weight Gain or Loss
Eating habits often change with depression. Some people may eat much more in an attempt to self-comfort while others may not feel like eating at all.
Suicidal Thoughts
Recurring thoughts about suicide or death are common symptoms of major depression and, obviously, the most serious. To get help, reach out to a family member, friend, physician, mental health professional, or church leader. In an emergency, call 911 or go to a local hospital emergency room.
