MedlinePlus, of the National Institutes of Health, states that Cushing's disease is a condition in which the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which causes high levels of cortisol. High levels of cortisol cause obesity, acne, skin infections, bone pain, excessive hair growth, impotence and fatigue, states MayoClinic.com. Thus, a patient with Cushing's disease should be aware of available treatments.
The Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a small gland that sits at the base of the brain that controls the release of multiple hormones in the body. At times, a tumor may develop in the pituitary gland that results in high levels of ACTH that further stimulate the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. Thus, a physician must determine if high levels of cortisol are from high levels of ACTH from the pituitary gland or from another source. A physician can test blood levels of ACTH, take an MRI of the brain or perform other blood tests to check the pituitary gland, states MedlinePlus. If a pituitary tumor is suspected, a surgeon can remove the affected portion of the pituitary gland. In addition, radiation treatments may be used.
Medication Treatment
MayoClinic.com states that surgery and radiation therapy may not cure Cushing's disease in some cases. Thus, medications may need to be prescribed to reduce cortisol production. Specifically, ketoconazole, mitotane and metyrapone may be used to control excessive cortisol production. Over time, these medications can reduce cortisol levels, which will reduce symptoms and signs of Cushing's disease.
The Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands may need to be removed, states MedlinePlus. If cortisol levels remain high after surgery, radiation therapy and medications, the adrenal glands, which produce cortisol, may need to be surgically removed. In this case, hormones that are naturally produced by the adrenal glands will need to be supplemented with medications.
Recovery
MedlinePlus states that cortisol replacement treatment may be necessary during the recovery period. This may be necessary after the surgical removal, or radiation treatment of the pituitary gland. In most cases, the pituitary gland will begin producing ACTH after some time. However, supplemental cortisol will need to be taken until the pituitary gland recovers.
Prognosis
Treating Cushing's disease is important in preventing serious complications. According to MedlinePlus, a patient is at risk of having a severe illness or even dying if Cushing's disease is left untreated. Other possible complications include compression fractures, diabetes, high blood pressure, infections, kidney stones and psychosis. Thus, a patient with Cushing's disease should see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
