One of the most common symptoms of a cold is heavy congestion. According to MedlinePlus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, more than 1 billion cases of the common cold occur each year in the United States. The website adds that nearly 200 different viruses may cause a cold. Besides heavy congestion, additional symptoms include runny noses, sore throat and sneezing. Symptoms often begin within three days of catching a cold, and most colds generally last about one week.
Increased Fluids
Increased liquids in the body thin out thick mucus in the nasal cavities. The additional beverages also replace fluids lost because of fever or increased mucous production, reports the Mayo Clinic. MedlinePlus suggests drinking chicken soup, a common cold remedy since the 12th century. The website states the broth's salt, heat and fluid amount may decrease congestion and fight cold symptoms. Hot herbal teas and water also increase hydration levels in the body. A person should avoid drinking coffee, alcoholic beverages or caffeinated sodas because these beverages increase dehydration levels.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Most over-the-counter medications provide a small amount of symptom relief but do not cure a cold or congestion. According to the Mayo Clinic, many have side effects. Fevers, sore throats and headaches associated with colds may be treated with over-the-counter analgesics. Ibuprofen, acetaminophen or aspirin also may be used. Gastric complications may be avoided by taking medications with a glass of milk or after eating a meal or snack. Aspirin should never be administered to children because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Decongestant drops and nasal sprays should only be used for a few days, warns the Mayo Clinic. Prolonged use may actually increase congestion; the nasal passageways may swell and become inflamed. These medications should not be used in children. Decongestants may also not be as effective as some patients believe. According to the Mayo Clinic, such medications provide only a small amount of relief.
Salt Water Rinses and Gargles
A solution of 1 cup warm water and about ¼ tsp. salt creates a salt water solution that may be used to cleanse the throat or the nasal mucous membranes. When gargled and spit out, the salt water mixture soothes a dry, scratchy throat. The solution may also be placed into a neti pot or bulb syringe and used to irrigate the nasal cavities. Cleansing the nasal passageways removes excess mucous associated with heavy congestion. Both the process of gargling and irrigation may be repeated throughout the day as needed.
