Bunions are one of the most common deformities of the foot. Also known as hallux valgus, bunions occur when the bone under the big toe is displaced, causing the toe to move towards the smaller toes, often sliding under the toes or over them. This shifting of the bones causes a bony prominence on the side of the foot, which pushes against shoes, causing pain and inflammation. As the big toe joint becomes more inflamed, it then places pressure on the other toes causing soft tissue and bone pain. Bunions usually come about when shoes are too tight, with women suffering more than men due to their often wearing high-heeled, overly pointy-toed shoes, causing pressure in the toe box. Pronation, or rolling in of the foot while walking, can also cause bunions. Flat feet can be another cause. Bunions can also be found on the joint of the little toe. When bunions are present, often corns, arthritis, bursitis, and ingrown toenails ensue.
What to Look for
There are many over-the-counter solutions for reducing pain due to bunion growth. Insoles, arch supports, gel toe caps, or bunion splints that can be placed on the foot at night or during the day. Bunion splints can be especially effective as they stretch tight tendons and toe muscles, relieving tension as they spread the toes apart. Gel sleeves or silicone shields can also be placed over bunions to prevent rubbing against the sides of shoes. A gel toe separator is ideal when placed between the first and second toes, as it will help to relieve pressure. Bunions should be iced for 10 minutes each evening and a cold therapy gel should be used during the day to reduce swelling. Feet can also be soaked in hot water to relieve tension. Most importantly, make sure your shoes are roomy, especially in the area around the toes. Any shoemaker will be able to stretch the area that covers the bunion, allowing your foot to relax in greater comfort. Make sure your weight is distributed evenly across your foot to assure the proper position while walking.
Common Pitfalls
Many bunion sufferers opt for surgery, which should be the last choice. Bunion surgery comes with risks such as infection, damage to nerves, recurrence of the bunion, and continued pain. Full recovery can also take more time than you plan for. Beware of claims that surgery will give you a perfect foot. There are many surgical techniques that can be applied to bunions, so make sure you familiarize yourself with them and ask your podiatrist or surgeon lots of questions. Most importantly, try not to have unrealistic expectations. If you are diligent with your personal bunion care, following all of the suggestions above along with those of your podiatrist, you probably can bypass the financial and emotional costs of surgery.
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