Chemotherapy is a treatment largely used to treat cancer by destroying fast-growing cancer cells. However, it can also damage healthy cells in the body, particularly the more fragile and fast-growing cells that line the mouth, nasal cavity and the digestive tract as well as blood cells. Chemotherapy causes physical side effects such as hair loss, nausea and loss of appetite. The European Journal of Cancer Care reports that it can also take a social toll on individuals, with effects such as isolation, loss of confidence and complications of relationship dynamics.
Fatigue
Chemotherapy for cancer treatment can be very stressful for individuals. Side effects of extreme fatigue are common in patients and can make it more difficult to cope with other feelings. The National Cancer Institute notes that the physical and emotional toll of chemotherapy can lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, fear and helplessness.
Isolation
Some types of chemotherapy can make patients more susceptible to infections. For this reason, they may be required to avoid crowded places and some social situations. Anxiety and depression can lead to feelings of helplessness, sadness and loneliness, which can keep patients isolated.
Appearance
Chemotherapy may lead to physical symptoms that affect appearance. These include hair loss, including the eyebrows and eyelashes, weight loss and minor to severe skin reactions, such as rash, dryness, itching, acne, hives and shingles. Changes in physical appearance due to illness and chemotherapy are very distressing and cause some patients to avoid social situations.
Mental Effects
The National Cancer Institute notes that certain types of chemotherapy can lead to temporary effects on mental function, including a lack of concentration, focus and short-term memory. Patients may be unable to attend classes or work while undergoing chemotherapy.
