Renal failure refers to any chronic kidney disease that causes the kidneys to shut down. Common symptoms of renal failure include fluid retention, difficulty urinating and, in later stages, jaundice. If you suffer from chronic kidney disease, your doctor will develop treatment and diet plans specific to your condition. However, certain foods should be limited by anyone with renal failure, regardless of their particular affliction.
Sodium
According to Medline Plus, which is a website governed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, chronic kidney disease patients need to monitor and limit their sodium intake. High levels of sodium cause dehydration, fluid retention and high blood pressure. Unhealthy kidneys do not expel fluids properly; therefore, someone with renal failure must exercise great caution in regard to anything that can cause excess water build-up. Also, when your blood pressure is high, your kidneys work to bring it back down. Consuming large amounts of sodium will cause the kidneys to work too hard, thus experiencing further damage.
Protein
Protein is a food that the kidneys break down upon consumption. The resulting waste from this process is called urea. According to the Medical College of Wisconsin, when kidneys are diseased and damaged, they can no longer break down protein as effectively as is needed. This causes an unhealthy accumulation of urea in the bloodstream. High protein foods include meat, poultry, eggs and dairy. While those with kidney disease must monitor their protein intake, protein also offers important nutritional benefits, so consult your doctor before making any changes to your diet.
Phosphorous
Phosphorous works in conjunction with calcium to maintain strong bones and teeth. This is typically beneficial; however, when you have reduced kidney function your body retains excess phosphorous. As a result, the phosphorous continually uses calcium to perform its primary function, which causes the body to become highly calcium deficient. High phosphorous foods include peanut butter, soda, cheese, ice cream and beer. Again, speak to your doctor before changing your diet.
Other Diet Tips for Renal Failure Sufferers
If you are afflicted by renal failure, you will need to find a reputable nephrologist to oversee your condition and plan your treatment and diet. A nephrologist is a doctor that specializes in kidney diseases and hypertension, or high blood pressure. An important aspect to discuss with your doctor is how to ensure you receive enough calcium in your diet. The Medical College of Wisconsin lists a few alternatives to high phosphorous foods, including broccoli, non-dairy substitutes, zucchini and sherbet. Also, check your local grocer for sodium-free salt substitutes.
