Opiates, pain-reducing medications, can chemically induce the sensations of euphoria, decrease anxiety, reduce tension and relax the body and mind. Chronic use or abuse of these drugs can cause physical dependence, addiction and tolerance. Opiate addiction is characterized by the inability to control the cravings and constant urge for the drug. Chronic users of opiates can experience withdrawal symptoms if the medication is stopped too quickly.
Drug Dependency
Chronic, long-term use of opiates can increase dependence to the drug as the body adjusts to the increased dose levels. An article published on the Midwest Rapid Opiate Detoxification Specialists website cited that physical dependency requires medical and pharmacological interventions along with psychological counseling and treatment therapies. Methadone is the usual medication for treating those addicted to opiates.
Poor Health
Common signs and symptoms of opiate addiction are increased risks for infections, skin problems, and poor health. Chronic opiate addiction causes depression of the body's immune system, which predisposes the individual to multiple organ complications, such as infections of the heart valves and respiratory and liver problems. Other symptoms include increased pain sensitivity, anxiety and sleep disturbances.
Tolerance to Opiates
Tolerance to opiates develops as the addict's body adapts to escalating dose levels over periods of time. Opiate tolerance commonly occurs in patients who are treated for chronic pain management. An article published in "Anasthesiol Intensivmed" in 2003 cited the adaptation process in tolerance can be linked to desensitization or reduced interaction of opioid receptors.
Withdrawal
Withdrawal symptoms occur when the drug is stopped abruptly. Symptoms are agitation, stomach cramping, sweating, runny nose, nausea and vomiting. Withdrawal symptoms are typically treated in a professional 12-step detoxification therapy and treatment program.
