The tendons are structures that connect muscles to bones and allow joints to move. Tendinitis is a condition in which tendons become inflamed and irritated. Tendinitis can occur in any of the tendons, but it is most common in the tendons located in the shoulders, wrists, elbows and heels, according to Mayo Clinic.
Causes
Tendinitis is most often a result of repetitive motion of a specific joint. This repetitive motion aggravates the joints, causing them to swell. This is common in those with jobs that require constant typing or those who play sports that require the same movement frequently, such as tennis or golf. Occasionally, tendinitis may be caused by a traumatic injury or the loss of elasticity in the tendon, such as with increasing age.
Risk Factors
Excess weight is a common risk factor for the development of tendinitis. The extra weight puts increased pressure on the tendons, ligaments and bones, causing irritation and swelling, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Increasing age also makes one more susceptible to the development of tendinitis. As a person ages, the tendons become less flexible so any movement can cause irritation and injury. Tendinitis is also more likely to develop in those who have certain inflammatory conditions, infections or autoimmune disorders, such as diabetes.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of tendinitis include swelling and tenderness in the affected joints. The swelling is usually accompanied by pain that increases in intensity when the joint is moved. Pain also increases during the night. A warm feeling may also occur at the joint, along with redness and cracking skin.
Treatment
Treatment for tendinitis can usually be done at home and includes ice, over-the-counter pain medications and plenty of rest, according to the Mayo Clinic. If home treatment isn't sufficient, prescription medications may be injected directly into the joint. These medications include corticosteroids that aim to reduce swelling of the joint and reduce pain. Corticosteroids should not be used for an extended period of time, however, because repeated use may cause the joint to weaken significantly, which can lead to rupture. Physical therapy may also be combined with medications in order to stretch and strengthen the muscle and regain range of motion in the joint and prevent future injury, according to Medline Plus. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair the joint.
Complications
If left untreated, the chronic inflammation of tendinitis can lead to a tendon rupture, which is a painful tear in the tendon. Tendon ruptures require surgery and cannot be fixed with medications or physical therapy, according to Mayo Clinic.
