Joints are the structures where two bones meet. The function of joints is to allow for movement of the body. Most of the joints located in the human body are called synovial joints, or freely movable joints, which means that can they can move in all directions. The main joints of the body are the hip, shoulders, elbows, knees, wrists and ankles, according to Kids Health. These are the joints that are most affected by chronic joint pain.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the lining of the joints, which is called the synovium. The inflammation of the synovium can eventually cause the bones to erode and lead to deformity. The condition most commonly affects the small joints located in the hands and feet. Rheumatoid arthritis is the result of an autoimmune disorder that mistakenly attacks the synovium. The exact cause of the autoimmune disorder is unknown, but it is believed to be a genetic factor. Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include joint pain, joint swelling, tender joints, swollen hands, hard bumps of tissue located under the skin of the arms, fatigue, stiffness, fever and weight loss, according to MayoClinic.com. There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, but treatment is available to reduce swelling of the joints and the associated symptoms. These treatment methods include anti-inflammatory medications, immunosuppressant drugs and pain relievers. Physical therapy may also be combined with medications to improve range of motion. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair the joint.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder and is characterized by the gradual wearing down of cartilage that is located between the bones of a joint. As osteoarthritis progresses, the cartilage eventually wears down completely and bone rubs against bone, causing bone spurs to develop. As bone spurs develop, the ligaments around the joint become weak and loosen, according to MedlinePlus.
The exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, but is believed to be strongly associated with increasing age. Other causes include obesity, recurrent fractures, bleeding disorders and other types of arthritis. Symptoms of osteoarthritis include severe joint pain, joint grating, joint swelling, limited joint movement and muscle weakness. Treatment for osteoarthritis includes pain medications and anti-inflammatory medications. Exercise and physical therapy can also help improve symptoms of osteoarthritis. In severe causes, surgery to repair the joint may be necessary.
Bursitis
Bursae are small sacs located inside joints that serve to cushion the joint by providing lubrication. Bursitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation of bursae. Bursitis usually occurs in large joints, such as those of the shoulder, hip, knee or elbow, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Bursitis is often a result of repetitive motion in a particular joint. Less common causes include bacterial infections or other conditions, such as gout. Symptoms of bursitis include joint pain that gradually increases, swelling, redness and increased warmth in the affected area. Bursitis usually goes away on its own with rest and the use of a brace or splint. If this is not effective, anti-inflammatory medications may be given to reduce swelling and pain. In rare cases, the bursae may be surgically removed.
