The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism defines alcoholism as a disease characterized by cravings as strong as those felt for food and water. Alcoholism is chronic, which means that once developed, it lasts a lifetime and results in relapses when left untreated. Both genetic disposition and lifestyle choices determine a person's chances of becoming an alcoholic.
Features
The four main features of alcoholism are intense cravings, not being able to stop once the drinking has started, physical dependence that results in withdrawal symptoms such as sweating, nausea and the shakes, and a high tolerance that drives the alcoholic to drink more to satisfy the cravings.
Consequences
Alcoholics continue to drink despite medical, financial and legal consequences, family break-ups and job losses.
Risks
Alcohol is physically damaging to the body. Extended use of alcohol can cause liver and brain damage. Pregnant women who drink can cause birth defects in the fetus.
Symptoms
Symptoms of alcoholism include drinking alone, neglecting physical appearance and nutrition, denial and hostility when confronted about drinking, and hiding alcohol.
Causes
In addition to heredity and lifestyle, the American Psychological Association reports that those who have undergone poverty and physical or sexual abuse are more likely to develop alcoholic dependencies.
Cure
The American Medical Association (AMA) reports that there is no cure for alcoholism. Treatment that includes lifelong follow-up care can work however to arrest the disease and prevent relapse.
Prevention
The National Institutes of Health reports that alcoholism is a major cause of preventable deaths caused by car accidents, accidents on job sites, violent offences and suicide.
Detox
Detoxification from alcohol requires close medical supervision to prevent seizures and convulsions that can be fatal.
Pre-existing Conditions
The excessive use of alcohol exacerbates pre-existing mental conditions such as depression and bipolar disorder.
Support
Alcoholics Anonymous is a worldwide fellowship that provides a self-help support structure. AA has helped millions of alcoholics get and remain sober since the early 1950s.
