Kava is a controversial supplement that has been used in the past as a substitute for alcohol, a ceremonial beverage and a sedater. It is found in drink form, capsules, tablets and topical solutions. Use of kava has been associated with numerous side effects however, so always consult a physician before using.
Facts
Kava, also known as kava kava or piper methysticum, is a member of the pepper family. It is grown naturally in the South Pacific but has been used as a ceremonial beverage there and in Europe since the 1700s. The extract itself comes from the root of the plant. Studies have reported that typical dosage of kava is 50 to 280mg per day, but up to 800mg per day can be used for a very short period of time.
Uses
According to Medline Plus, there has been documented evidence that kava may be effective in the treatment of stress and anxiety. It has been compared to anti-anxiety benzodiazepine drugs, and calming supplements like tryptophan. There is conflicting research about its ability to treat symptoms of insomnia by causing sedation. When combined with the drugs levodopa and alprazolam, few patients with Parkinson's disease have reported longer periods without symptoms, however some patients have describe worsening conditions. Topically, kava has been used as a numbing agent.
Warning
The Food and Drug Administration issued a warning against supplements and drugs containing kava in 2002 because of reports of liver failure. At least 25 cases of other liver diseases have been associated with kava, such as cirrhosis and hepatitis. The FDA urged people taking kava supplements with a history of liver problems to seek out their physician. Healthy individuals exhibiting signs of jaundice or yellowing of the skin and brownish urine also need to consult their physician immediately.
Side Effects
Other side effects that have been associated with chronic or extreme use of kava include kidney damage, apathy, skin and blood disorders, seizures and increased blood pressure in the lungs. Short term kava use can cause muscle spasms in the face and eye. Other side effects include mild stomach and gastrointestinal distress, rash, or headache.
Pregnancy
The American Pregnancy association states that consuming kava during pregnancy is not recommended. Not only has it been associated with liver failure, but kava may decrease muscle strength of the uterus, which could have a harmful effect on the fetus. More studies need to be conducted to discover whether kava transfers in breast milk so it is currently not recommended in breast-feeding mothers.
References
- National Center for Complimentary and Alternative Medicine: Kava at a Glance
- The American Pregnancy Association: Natural herbs and Vitamins During Pregnancy
- US Food and Drug Administration: Consumer Advisory: Kava-Containing Dietary Supplements May be Associated with Severe Liver Injury
- Medline Plus: Kava (Piper methysticum G. Forst)
