Turmeric is also used as a dye and as a spice, being one ingredient in curry. Several preliminary studies also support its use medicinally, but more information is needed on its effects on humans. Side effects can occur, and the spice should be used cautiously.
Uses in Traditional Medicine
Turmeric is used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory conditions, stomach conditions, liver ailments, skin diseases and wounds. The root stock and rhizomes are boiled, dried and then pounded to produce the powdered spice. The active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin.
Human Studies
Curcumin is a strong antioxidant. It also acts as an anti-inflammatory by lowering the COX 2 and LOX enzymes, which cause inflammation. It is sometimes used to relieve the inflammation of osteoarthritis. Early research support turmeric's use as a digestive aid. Turmeric stimulates the gall bladder, producing bile to aid digestion. The German Commission E approved turmeric for stomach complaints. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study showed turmeric to be useful in relieving bloating and gas caused by indigestion. A second study suggested that turmeric can help to maintain remission in people with ulcerative colitis. Turmeric has anticoagulant effects, stopping platelets from aggregating to form blood clots. While these results are encouraging, more research is needed.
Animal Studies
Test tube and animal studies indicate that turmeric may be useful against cancer. It may also be able to help prevent cancer through its antioxidant activity. Research on treatment of diabetes, atherosclerosis, uveitis and bacterial and viral infections suggests that turmeric may help in these conditions. These studies are very early and the supplement's performance in humans for these conditions is unknown. In addition, dosages, side effects and effective forms of the supplement must be explored. Do not quit taking medications for these conditions, and do not rely on supplements to treat life-threatening illness when evidence is lacking.
Side Effects and Precautions
Turmeric is considered safe in the amounts contained in food and when taken as prescribed by a health care practitioner. Large amounts of turmeric taken over long periods of time should be avoided due to the risk of stomach upset or ulcers, Allergic dermatitis and urticaria are also possible.
Persons with diabetes should use turmeric cautiously because the supplement could cause hypoglycemia. Diabetic medications may need adjustment and blood sugar should be monitored carefully. Those with gallbladder stones or obstructions should consult with their physician to prevent worsening of their condition.
If you are taking anti-coagulants or anti-platelet medication, diabetic drugs, or drugs that reduce stomach acid, consult your physician before taking turmeric. Turmeric may cause increased action in these drugs or interfere with their actions.
Do not give turmeric supplements to children. No safe dosage has been established. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, do not take turmeric supplements.
Dosages
Turmeric supplements should be taken paying careful attention to the dosages on the bottle or the information you have received from your health-care provider. Do not increase dosages without consulting with your physician or a competent herbalist, and take heed of any precautions they might give you.
