Asthma is a disease in which the airways are sensitive and can become constricted. Asthma symptoms can be mild, such as wheezing, or they can become life-threatening. The causes of asthma attacks are called triggers. During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed, which causes the muscles around the airways to constrict. This can cause the airway walls to produce mucus, which further narrows the airways. The airways then become more inflamed and constricted.
Common Triggers
The Mayo Clinic lists common triggers for asthma attacks, although the clinic notes that specific triggers can vary from person to person. These common triggers include exercise, cold, dry air, tobacco smoke, gastroesophageal reflux disease, upper respiratory infections, dust mites, pollen, mold and pets.
Other Indoor Triggers
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled a list of indoor triggers for asthma attacks, including secondhand smoke, dust mites, mold and pets. The EPA also lists nitrogen dioxide, a byproduct of some gas burning appliances. Also, cockroach body parts, secretions and droppings are asthma triggers, as are rodent droppings, saliva and urine.
Infections
Colds and the flu are the infections that most commonly cause asthma attacks. When an upper respiratory infection is present, asthma symptoms might not respond to medication. Other infections that can trigger asthma attacks include sinus infections, pneumonia, ear infections and bronchitis.
