Vitamin B1, or thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for many functions. The body needs thiamine for normal nervous system functioning and energy production. Thiamine deficiency is rare, but can occur in individuals suffering from malnourishment or alcoholism, according to Medline Plus.
Metabolic Reactions
Thiamine is one of the eight known water-soluble B vitamins. B vitamins are responsible for certain metabolic reactions in the body that produce adenosine triphosphate, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is essential for energy production in every cell of the body. B vitamins produce energy by converting carbohydrates from dietary sources into glucose. The body uses glucose as fuel to produce energy necessary to perform vital tasks like protein and fat metabolism.
Nervous System
Besides promoting energy production, thiamine is also necessary for normal nervous system function. Thiamine's effect on the central nervous system can best be seen in deficiencies disorders. The UMMC reports that Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a brain and nervous system disorder caused by thiamine deficiency. It is associated with central nervous system damage and memory impairment. Individuals suffering from this syndrome can typically be treated with thiamine supplements. Patients supplementing with thiamine report improved muscle coordination and decreased confusion. Another common thiamine deficiency disorder is beriberi, and it includes symptoms of confusion, breathing problems and swelling of the limbs.
Sources
Thiamine is found in most foods and also available as a supplement. Beef, pork, organ meats and milk are good dietary sources of thiamine, reports the UMMC. Vegetarian sources of thiamine include whole grains, yeast, seeds and oranges.
Dosage
The Recommended Daily Allowance or RDA for thiamine is 1.2 mg for men and 1.1 mg for females taken orally every day. The RDA for pregnant or nursing women is 1.4 mg of thiamine daily, reported by Medline Plus. It is important to consult a physician before treating yourself with thiamine.
Side Effects
Thiamine is recognized as safe and nontoxic to humans at high doses, according to Medline Plus. There is currently no established tolerable upper level, or UL of thiamine intake. Large doses of thiamine may be associated with muscle relaxation and drowsiness.
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