Breast reduction surgery occurs when excess fat, tissue and/or skin are removed from the breasts, according to the MayoClinic.com. Women who have large breasts may elect to have breast reduction surgery in order to alleviate pressure or achieve a breast size that is in proportion with their bodies. This surgery can improve a woman's self-image, self-esteem and her ability to participate in physical activities. Breast reduction complications are generally mild and easily corrected, but in severe cases, this surgery can lead to a loss of sensation, severe bleeding, permanent scarring and/or death.
Loss of Sensation
Loss of sensation in the nipples and areola is a common complication that can occur following breast reduction surgery. Women who have this surgery are at risk of damaging a nerve or reducing blood supply to the nipple or breast, causing a temporary or permanent loss of sensation, according to the Consumer Guide to Plastic Surgery. With very large breasts, it may not be possible to move the nipple and areola while leaving them attached to the nerves and blood vessels. The surgeon may have to remove the nipple and areola and graft them into a new location on the breast, which may cause permanent loss of sensation for the patient.
Bleeding and Hematoma
Women who have breast reduction surgery are at risk for bleeding and hematomas in and around the surgical area after the surgery, according to the website Doc.Shop.com. While minor bleeding is normal, excessive bleeding may indicate that the blood is not clotting properly. In addition, hematomas can occur when blood collects in pockets of tissue near the surgical site, causing pain, infections and/or scar tissue. A sudden change in the color or shape of the breast following breast reduction surgery may signal the development of a hematoma.
Permanent Scarring
Women who have breast reduction surgery may experience permanent scars around the nipple, below the nipple and along the crease beneath the breast, according to the website InfoPlasticSurgery.com. Vertical and horizontal scars are the most visible, and they typically remain once the breasts have healed. Women who smoke have the greatest risk for large and rough permanent scars because smoking prevents oxygen from circulating in the body during the healing process, according to Consumer Guide to Plastic Surgery. Internal bleeding or excessive bruising can also increase the size of the scars, making them more visible.
