Low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, is considered to be less than 90 mm/Hg systolic or 60 mm/hg diastolic. In most cases hypotension is ideal, however, it can result in severe complications for some people. Low blood pressure may cause dizziness, fainting or be a symptom of more serious disorders. The Mayo Clinic states that severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to a life-threatening condition called shock.
Orthostatic Hypotension
Dizziness is a common side effect of hypotension. Often, those with low blood pressure experience lightheadedness when moving from a seated or lying down position to standing. This is the result of a drop in fleeting blood pressure and blood flow to the head also known as orthostatic hypotension. If dizziness leads to fainting, contact a health-care professional for a medical evaluation.
Organ Damage
When blood pressure is consistently low, there may be insufficient amounts of blood delivered to vital organs. This can cause permanent damage. Inadequate blood flow to the brain can results in oxygen deprivation. Decreased blood flow to the heart and arteries can cause chest pain and even a heart attack. A reduction in blood flow to the kidneys results in a buildup of waste in the blood. It is important to monitor low blood pressure and contact a physician if symptoms arise.
Shock
Prolonged hypotension can result in a severe decrease in oxygen to the heart and other vital organs of the body. In some situations, low blood pressure may be the result of reduced cardiac output. This may be the result of problems with heart rate or blood volume. Symptoms of shock include dizziness, faintness, nausea, weakness, clammy skin, rapid breathing, and chest pain. Contact a health-care provider immediately if symptoms arise.
