Effects of Using the Birth Control Patch

Overview

The birth control patch, or Ortho Evra, is a patch that is placed onto a woman's skin once a week to prevent pregnancy. The patch is very thin and measures about two inches square. The patch releases hormones similar to the birth control pill that are absorbed by the skin and bloodstream. The patch is a prescription birth control and has a failure rate of less then 1 percent when used correctly, according to the American Pregnancy Association.

Prevention of Pregnancy

Pregnancy is prevented three different ways. First, eggs are not released from the ovaries. Second, the mucous in the cervix is thickened, preventing sperm from reaching the egg. Third, if fertilization occurs, the lining of the mucous is thickened to prevent implantation.

Increased Risks of Blood Clots

A 2005 study by the Food and Drug Administration showed that the birth control patch releases 60 percent more estrogen to women than the birth control pill. The increased amounts of estrogen may cause blood clots. If blood clots travel to the brain, blocking an artery, a stroke may result. Clots may also travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. This carries an increased risk of a heart attack. Signs to look for include pain, redness or swelling in legs as well as chest pain.

Decreased Libido

A woman may have decreased sexual urges or desires. Though this is a normal reaction to using hormonal birth control for some women, it can affect the relationships. Discuss signs of a decreased libido with a medical professional to determine whether a different type of birth control is more appropriate.

Skin Irritation

Skin may become irritated where the patch is applied. The patch is commonly placed on the upper back, abdomen, thigh, upper outer arm and buttocks. Make sure to rotate the application site weekly. If severe itching, redness or discomfort occur, a different birth control method may be more suitable.

Common Side Effects

Common side effects include irregular bleeding, breast discomfort or tenderness, and nausea and vomiting. These most common adverse reactions usually will disappear within two to three months of using the patch.