Rappelling, also known as abseiling, is a form of rock climbing that utilizes a rope anchored into a rock or mountainside. Other equipment, such as a harness for safety and a descender for moving down the mountain's edge, are used. The climber connects himself to the rope and leans away from the cliff to allow the rope to bear his weight. This position allows the climber to control the rate of descent.
History
Chamonix guide Jean Esteril Charlet used rappelling unsuccessfully in 1876 while attempting a climb at Petit Dru located in the Mont Blanc range. Three years later, Charlet made his first successful descent using his rappelling technique on the same mountain. Though Charlet made many solo attempts before perfecting rappelling, he crested at Petit Dru with two hired guides from the area, Prosper Payot and Frederic Folliguet.
Equipment
Rappelling requires you to use many types of specialized equipment. You need a helmet, boots, knee pads, elbow pad and gloves for a safe descent down the mountainside. A harness is fitted around your waist and legs to help secure you to the rope in case your hands lose their grip. A rope made for rappelling will not stretch and has a core created from multiple strands of smaller ropes. These strands are protected by an abrasion-resistant covering. A descender is a breaking tool that helps the climber control the rate of descent or stop entirely.
Technique
Dress yourself in the safety equipment and secure the harness in place following manufacturer's instructions. The end of the rope is anchored securely and tossed to the bottom of the mountain. Once this is done, attach the descender to the rope and the harness. All equipment should be inspected for proper operation. Your break hand can be either hand you prefer. This hand is placed under the descender and grasps the rope. Next, put weight on the rope and inspect the equipment again. When all is secured, inch backward over the edge of the mountain and let the rope hold all of your weight.
Risks
Rappelling is a dangerous technique that requires professional instruction and practice. There are many opportunities for death or injury. Equipment failure, clothing or hair entanglement or rock slides can cause a climber to lose control and fall or become trapped on the mountainside.
Safety
Multiple checks of the equipment are necessary because the technique is dangerous. Your equipment should be maintained and in excellent condition. A properly secure anchor is critical. This anchor holds the rope you will descend on. A safe location without loose rocks should be chosen. There is a second line you might consider called a belay line. This safety line can help save you from a fall in the event the primary rope breaks. Do not attempt rappelling until you have received proper training.
Member Comments