More than 200 different viruses may cause an upper respiratory infection, or the common cold. Most infections last between seven and 14 days, though some symptoms may linger for several days longer, reports the Cleveland Clinic. The average adult suffers from two to four colds a year, and the average child as many as 10 colds, reports the University of Maryland Medical Center. The common cold does not have a cure, but treating symptoms provides relief.
Pain and Fever Relief
A person suffering from a cold can take over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen to treat headaches, body aches and fever. Reye's syndrome has a higher risk of developing when a person takes aspirin, and aspirin should never be administered to children under the age of 16. A person taking ibuprofen should only take the medication when eating food or drinking a glass of milk to decrease gastric irritation.
Cold Medications
A person may open the nasal passageways and decrease congestion by taking decongestants. Nasal decongestant sprays and drops should not be used longer than three days, otherwise congestion may actual rebound and worsen. Antihistamines, such as loratadine and fexofenadine, dry up the nasal passageways and relieve symptoms associated with a runny nose. Cough medications are available as expectorants or cough suppressants. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, children six years old and younger should not be administered cold or cough medications due to the risk of severe side effects and complications.
Consume Hot Fluids
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, a person drinking hot beverages will feel immediate and sustained relief from cold symptoms, including runny nose, cough, sneezing and sore throat. The warm beverage soothes the throat, and the heat from the liquid encourages mucous to thin. A person drinking a hot beverage in a mug inhales hot steam through the nasal passageway which provides additional relief from congestion. Chicken broth and soup have been used since the 12th century to treat the common cold, reports MedlinePlus. Additional warm beverages that are helpful include herbal teas or warm apple cider. Beverages such as coffee or caffeinated teas should not be consumed when a person suffers from a cold. These beverages increase urination, which leads to increased dehydration.
Cough Relief
A person may find relief from a cough or sore throat by gargling with warm salt water. A small amount of salt may be mixed with warm water and gargled. Honey and lemon mixed with warm water may also relieve a scratchy, dry throat. The beverage can be consumed throughout the day and also increases hydration levels.
