Normally the cells in the body grow and die in a controlled way, according to Medline Plus. When a patient has cancer, cells begin to form and multiply uncontrollably, and can lead to the formation of tumors in the body. Chemotherapy is a drug therapy used to control or stop cancerous cells from multiplying. Different types of chemotherapy can be administered to a patient depending on the patient's type and stage of cancer, and often the patient's life can be significantly prolonged.
Slowing Down and Controlling the Spread of Cancer
According to the American Cancer Society, chemotherapy can slow down and control of the spread of cancer by the administration of a variety of chemicals to the patient. Chemotherapy chemicals include antimetabolites, antibiotics, alkylating agents and miotic inhibitors. All of these chemicals either inhibit the reproduction of the cancer cells or hinder their spread.
Killing Cancer Cells That Have Spread
Chemotherapy can kill cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body. While other forms of cancer treatment, including radiation and surgery, are directed at the region where the cancer growth begins or is most highly concentrated, chemotherapy can reach cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body or that may have been missed in the diagnosis by physicians.
Relieving Symptoms Caused By Cancer
Chemotherapy can relieve and sometimes even eliminate symptoms brought about by cancer, says the American Cancer Society. As cancerous cells in the body grow and reproduce in the patient's body, they put a lot of pressure on the nearby organs, nerves and blood vessels. This can lead to severe pain or discomfort for the patient. By killing the cancerous cells and preventing their spread, chemotherapy relieves these symptoms.
