Bell's palsy occurs due to damage to a cranial nerve. The temporary condition affects around two out of every 10,000 people, according to MedlinePlus. A viral infection such as herpes simplex or viral meningitis can cause an inflammation of the nerve that causes the symptoms of Bell's palsy. Generally, only one side of the face is affected. Symptoms associated with Bell's palsy may occur suddenly and peak within the first 48 hours. Bell's palsy will typically resolve without medical attention in a few months.
Lack of Facial Muscle Control
A lack of muscular control on one side of the face is a classic symptom of Bell's palsy. The degree of muscle coordination varies from mild weakness to full paralysis of the muscles in one side of the face. Weakened or paralyzed facial muscles can cause a drooping on one side of the face, especially at the eye and the corner of the mouth. Individuals have difficulty speaking and eating, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. The irritated nerve may also cause facial muscles to twitch. Movements such as blinking, closing the eye completely and wrinkling the forehead may become difficult due to the paralyzed muscles. Drooling saliva from the mouth may also occur.
Pain
Individuals may feel pain behind the ear on the affected side. The pain may begin before evidence of weakened facial muscles occurs, according to the Merck Manuals. Although it is not a common symptom, some individuals experience a headache along with the other symptoms of Bell's palsy.
Altered Sensations
Some people with Bell's palsy experience altered sensations in the face. Some feel numbness or heaviness in the face, though the sensation stays intact, according to the Merck Manuals. The ear on the affected side of the face may hear sounds louder than normal. This sensation, also referred to as hyperacusis, occurs due to a paralyzed muscle that stretches the eardrum. Altered taste or a loss of taste can occur from the condition.
Changes to Saliva and Tear Production
Changes to the amount of saliva production and tears in the eye can occur with Bell's palsy. The eyes and mouth may become drier than usual. Excessive tearing in the eye may also occur, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
