A pacemaker surgery involves doctors inserting a small electronic device into a patient's chest directly below the collarbone in order to regulate electrical problems with the heart, according to the Oregon Health and Science University. People with a slow, fast or irregular heart rate may be implanted with a pacemaker in order to keep their heart beating at a normal pace. While complications are rare, it is important for individuals to understand the risks associated with the procedure.
Bleeding
A common complication of pacemaker surgery is bleeding during or immediately following the operation. Severe bleeding can occur at the surgical site when blood vessels are damaged during pacemaker surgery, according to the Oregon Health and Science University. Heavy bleeding can also occur if the doctor accidentally pierces the heart while connecting the pacemaker, according to MayoClinic.com. If the heart is accidentally pierced, emergency surgery may be required to stop the bleeding and save the person's life.
Infection
People who have pacemaker surgery are at risk for infection, according to the website UptoDate. Anytime a foreign object is implanted into the body, there is a chance of infection. An infection can develop when: part of the pacemaker device erodes and contaminates the underlying skin and allows harmful bacteria to enter the wound; the tissue surrounding the pacemaker becomes contaminated during the surgery or when bacteria enters the body through a cut or wound.
Aurora Health Care states that symptoms of infection can include fever, chills, excessive bleeding, drainage, redness, swelling or warmth at the incision site. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics given after the surgery.
Swelling
A significant risk of developing edema or swelling in the extremities following pacemaker surgery exists. Edema occurs when excess fluid pools in the arms, legs, hands, fingers and/or ankles and causes a swollen, stretched and shiny appearance, according to the website FamilyDoctor.org. People who experience swelling around their feet, ankles or surgical stitches should contact their physician immediately. Treatment may consist of a diuretic or "water pill" to release the extra fluid.
