The diaphragm is a large muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and assists in breathing. The esophagus runs through an opening in the diaphragm in order to reach the stomach. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper portion of the stomach slides back up through the opening in the diaphragm. Some people have a sliding hiatal hernia that moves in and out of the hole, and do not have symptoms of the condition. Other people experience symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing and chest pain. Treatment options help decrease discomfort and prevent complications associated with the condition.
Dietary and Lifestyle Changes
Heartburn can occur with a hiatal hernia, especially following large or heavy meals and when lying flat. Reducing the size of meals will help decrease the discomfort of the hernia. Eating smaller meals more frequently throughout the day instead of three large meals will help decrease the possibility of heartburn. Decreasing foods and drinks that aggravate heartburn will help reduce the painful symptoms. Common foods and beverages that can cause acid reflux include coffee, chocolate, orange juice and fatty foods. To further reduce the risk of heartburn pain, individuals need to avoid lying down for two hours following a meal. Raising the head of the bed by six inches may help keep the acid reflux in the esophagus during the night, according to MayoClinic.com.
Reduce Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing a hiatal hernia and suffering from complications include obesity and smoking. Individuals over the age of 50 also have an increased risk of a hiatal hernia, so reducing body fat and quitting smoking are important for elderly individuals.
Medications
Taking medications, such as antacids and acid blockers, can help reduce the symptoms associated with a hiatal hernia. These medications are available over-the-counter and by prescription. Antacids help neutralize acid in the stomach. Acid blockers work to reduce the production of stomach acid.
Surgical Repair
If lifestyle changes and medications fail to relieve symptoms of a hiatal hernia, surgical options exist. Surgery is usually performed in emergency situations, or when patients aren't helped by medications to relieve heartburn and acid reflux. The surgical procedure includes placing the stomach back into the abdominal cavity and closing the size of the opening in the diaphragm, according to MayoClinic.com. Some surgeons may also fix a weakened sphincter in the esophagus to prevent further episodes of gastric reflux.
