The treatment of a burn depends on its severity. Superficial or first-degree burns affect the top layer of the skin and require little treatment. Second-degree burns affect the first and second layers of the skin, producing pain, blisters and swelling. Severe or third-degree burns damage deeper tissues and require specialized emergency care, according to the National Institutes of Health. Large second-degree burns and those that affect the hands, face or groin also require emergency care. Patients with second-degree burns are vulnerable to infection and scarring, so protecting the skin is important.
First Aid
Step 1
Examine the patient's skin carefully to determine the severity of the skin damage. Remove clothing from the burned area to allow a thorough inspection. Also remove rings and other jewelry to prevent constriction if the patient's hands swell.
Step 2
Apply a wet, cool compress to the burned area if it is small. For larger burns, soak the skin in cool water or run cool water over it for 15 minutes.
Step 3
Pat the skin dry.
Step 4
Apply an over-the-counter antibiotic cream to the burned area to prevent infection.
Step 5
Cover the affected area with a sterile nonstick bandage, wrap it lightly with roller gauze and apply tape to the gauze. Do not apply tape to a blistered area of skin.
Continuing Care
Step 1
Wash the affected area every day. Examine the skin for signs of infection, such as redness or pus. Reapply the ointment and dressing.
Step 2
Avoid scratching the burned area.
Step 3
Check with your health-care provider to see if you need a tetanus shot, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians.
Step 4
Protect the burned area from direct sunlight. It will be sensitive for up to one year.
Tips and Warnings
- Never use butter, petroleum jelly or ice on a burn. They can make the skin damage worse. Over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen and aspirin can help reduce the pain of a burn.
- Electrical burns can cause internal injuries, so take the person to the emergency room even if the burns do not appear serious. Small children may choke on bandages. Children under the age of 12 should not take aspirin.
Things You'll Need
- Cool water
- Nonstick dressing
- Roller gauze
- Tape
- Antibiotic cream
