Parasites can infect the intestines for years. Two types of intestinal parasites exist: helminths and protozoa. Helminths are multicellular and include tapeworms, pinworms and roundworms. Mature helminths cannot reproduce in the body. Protozoa, on the other hand, can multiply and expose the body to infection. Examples of protozoa include giardia and cryptosporidium.
Helminths
Tapeworms are long, flat, parasitic worms that can reside in the intestinal tract. Humans contract tapeworms by eating food, in particular meat, contaminated by tapeworm larvae or eggs. Animals contract tapeworms by grazing on infected plant material or drinking contaminated water. Hand-to-mouth infection can occur as well, when a person touches an infected surface and then touches the mouth. Six types of tapeworm exist and are named after the contaminated food ingested, for example, pork, rodent, beef or fish tapeworms. Untreated tapeworms have the potential to cause intestinal damage, but infestation is typically symptom free, explains New York University, Langone Medical Center.
Pinworms are an intestinal parasite caused by the roundworm. Pinworms live in the terminal portion of the rectum and are approximately one-half inch long. They typically leave the rectum at night and deposit eggs on the skin around the anus. Symptoms include itching around the anus, irritability and insomnia, according to Medline Plus.
Protozoa
Giardia is a water-borne disease that causes severe diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal cramping and intestinal gas that begins two weeks after the parasitic exposure. Caused by drinking contaminated water, giardia is diagnosed by stool sample.
Cryptosporidium can cause diarrhea, mild fever, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting, but some who are infected are symptom free. No treatments exist for cryptosporidium. The immune system naturally rids the body of the parasite and can usually do so within one to two weeks, according to Princeton University.
Risk Factors
The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that the risk of contracting an intestinal parasite is heightened by international travel, particularly to third world countries, as well as by poor hygiene, age, a weakened immune system and by visiting child-care facilities or areas with a known parasite infestation.
Self Care
The University of Michigan Health System advises sufferers to focus on rehydrating the body. If diarrhea strikes, drink plenty of water and ingest drinks with electrolyte content. Natural antimicrobial remedies include propolis, barberry, Oregon grape, grapeseal and goldthread; always consult a qualified practitioner before taking any natural remedy. Avoid infected areas and avoid drinking tap water, uncooked food, ice and fruits that cannot be peeled.
