Toxemia, also referred to as pre-eclampsia, is a rare but serious complication that can develop during pregnancy. According to the Preeclampsia Foundation, approximately 5 to 8 percent of women develop the disease. Toxemia can quickly become a life-threatening condition if improperly treated. Ultimately, the condition is only completely cured once the baby is born.
Toxemia Defined
Toxemia is diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is characterized by high blood pressure--greater than 140 over 90, according to Babycenter--and protein in the urine. Other symptoms are also often present, including swelling and puffiness, rapid weight gain of more than 4 lbs. in one week, nausea and severe headache.
Disease Management
Women with mild cases of toxemia are usually subject to frequent fetal non-stress tests, in order to assess the baby's well-being, and bed rest at home. Women with severe toxemia are typically admitted to the hospital for the rest of the pregnancy. There they can receive treatments such as intravenous magnesium sulfate and corticosteroids. Women who develop toxemia are more likely to have Cesarean births.
Complications for Mother
Besides the obvious hypertension, swelling and headaches, mothers with severe toxemia are likely to suffer emotionally. Renowned pediatrician Dr. William Sears talks about the difficulties of staying fit and calm while confined to the bed for long periods of time. Meditation and a strong support system may help relieve anxiety. Mothers on bed rest due to toxemia, whether in the hospital or at home, might consider hiring an antepartum doula who is trained to support high-risk pregnancies.
Complications for Baby
According to the Preeclampsia Organization, 15 percent of premature births are caused by toxemia, making it the most common complication for the baby. The baby whose mother has toxemia is also at risk for intrauterine growth restriction, when fetal growth is compromised; acidosis, when excess lactic acid forces the baby into unconsciousness; and death.
Subsequent Pregnancies
Just because a woman suffers from toxemia in one pregnancy does not mean she will experience the condition again, although her chances are higher than for someone who never had toxemia. She can minimize her chances if she controls her weight, eats a healthy diet based on whole foods and keeps her blood pressure low. Other risk factors for toxemia include diabetes, autoimmune disorders, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperthyroidism, advanced maternal age, multiple births and IVF, according to the Preeclampsia Organization.
