Most often, spinal cord compression is caused by spinal stenosis, which is the narrowing of the spinal column in the neck, upper back or lower back. Slipped disks or bone growth from arthritis can compress the spinal cord as it passes through the spinal column. This can result in pain, numbness, weakness and problems with bowel or bladder function, states MayoClinic.com. Most cases of spinal cord compression are treated conservatively.
Medications
According to MedlinePlus, medications are commonly used to treat symptoms associated with spinal cord compression, but do not heal the condition. Depending on the severity, a doctor may prescribe an antidepressant, anti-seizure drugs or opiods. Antidepressants and anti-seizure drugs are preferred to ease pain over opiods because they are less habit-forming. Furthermore, antidepressants and anti-seizure drugs reduce nerve signals related to pain. Opiods act on pain receptors in the brain to provide relief. A patient should let his doctor know if prescribed medications are providing benefit, or if significant side effects are experienced.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is a conservative treatment used to treat spinal cord compression, states MayoClinic.com. Physical therapy can be beneficial in a patient with spinal cord compression because a physical therapist can teach a patient exercises that build up strength and endurance in the abdominal and back muscles that will provide further support to the spine. Furthermore, a therapist can teach stretches to increase flexibility and exercises to improve balance. A therapist may also be able to provide modalities or therapies, such as ultrasound, ice therapy, massage and heat therapy to control pain. A patient will be given a home exercise program that should be adhered to in order to maintain strength and flexibility achieved in physical therapy.
Steroid Injections
In more severe cases, a doctor may recommend a steroid injection around the area of compression, states MayoClinic.com. Steroids are molecules that reduce inflammation around the area of spinal cord compression, thus reducing swelling and relieving pressure on the spinal cord. Although steroid injections may be beneficial, only a few injections can be done per year because steroids can weaken surrounding bone and connective tissue in the spinal column. Risks of the injection include infection at the injection site, excessive bleeding, and nerve or soft tissue damage. Thus, the risks and benefits of this procedure should be fully discussed with a doctor before proceeding.
