Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DM) belongs to the class of drugs called antitussives, or cough suppressants, in the form of hydrobromide salt, which is effective for treating a dry, nonproductive cough. This medication inhibits activity in the brain region responsible for the cough reflex and is available in multiple over-the-counter remedies such as cough syrups or in combined cold and flu medicines identified by DM on box. While dependency may result if abused, common side effects exist.
Dizziness and Drowsiness
According to Dailymed.nlm.nih.gov, adverse reactions are unusual, however, individuals taking this medication have reported feeling lightheaded or dizzy after ingesting this drug. Another common adverse reaction associated with DM is excessive drowsiness or lethargy that may make one feel fatigued and weak. These side effects can result in one feeling unstable, clumsy and uncoordinated; therefore, those who experience these effects need to be careful with physical activity and movement throughout the day to avoid stumbling or falling. Until the extent of this drug's individual effects are known, patients should exercise caution when operating machinery, driving or completing complex tasks because capabilities may be affected. Lying down periodically during the day as needed may help to alleviate these symptoms; however, contact the prescribing physician if they persist or become worrisome.
Gastrointestinal Distress
The National Drug Intelligence Center states that DM is in more than 140 over-the-counter remedies, and that it has replaced codeine as the most widely used cough suppressant in the United States. Thus, its high degree of availability increases the likelihood of side effects, and the digestive or gastrointestinal system is commonly affected at the start of a new drug therapy. According to Drugs.com, individuals beginning this medication may experience a dry mouth and an upset stomach that may turn into nausea with or without vomiting. Additionally, abdominal pain with diarrhea may occur. In the case of vomiting and diarrhea, patients should drink a lot of water in order to avoid dehydration. Such commonly observed drug effects are considered to be mild and temporary; that is, they tend to resolve on their own as the body adjusts to the medication. However, notify the prescribing physician if these symptoms persist or become severe in nature.
Excitability and Insomnia
According to Drugs.com, DM may cause one to be easily aroused or excited along with nervousness and feelings of heightened irritability or restlessness. Consequently, one may have a hard time relaxing and could experience insomnia because of this side effect. Headaches are another possible side effect. The cycle of nervous irritability and insomnia may lead to other symptoms; therefore, if these side effects do not subside, the prescribing physician should be contacted. The doctor may need to adjust or reduce the dosage of DM.
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