Allergies are a common issue in the United States, with more than 50 million people suffering from sneezing fits, hive breakouts and chronic nasal congestion, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, or the AAAAI. Someone can be allergic to virtually anything, but certain substances are more prominent than others such as pollen, food and certain insect bites. See an allergist to identify allergens and avoid contact with them.
Cause
MayoClinic.com states that the during an allergic reaction the immune system produces antibody proteins that start a chain reaction of releasing histamine, the hormone responsible for causing allergy symptoms. Histamine affects airways, nasal passages and the skin, producing inflammation, irritation and discomfort in various parts of the body.
Effect
The effect of higher histamine levels are sinus congestion, skin reactions and breathing restriction. Sinus congestion can lead to sneezing, a runny nose, postnasal drip and sinus headaches. The most common skin reactions caused by allergies are eczema and hives. Both reactions cause inflammation in the skin and severe itching. Histamine can result in restricted breathing because of inflammation in the lungs.
Types
According to National Jewish Health, the most prominent allergies are separated in four categories: household, food, insect bites and medications. The most prominent household allergens are dust mites, molds, animal dander, cockroaches and pollen. Dairy products, shell fish and nuts are the most common food allergens. An allergy to insect bites can cause a severe allergic reaction called, "anaphylactic shock." Insect allergies are an allergic reaction to stings from flying insects, such as bees and wasps and certain type of ants. Someone can be allergic to any medication and should only use medicine under a doctor's supervision.
Risks
Certain people are at a higher risk to develop prominent allergies, according to the Mayo Clinic. Someone with a family history of allergies or asthma has a greater chance of developing common allergies. Children are more prone to develop allergies that progressively subside with age. Allergic conditions and asthma raise the risk of someone developing other prominent allergies.
Treatment
Treating prominent allergies begins with a avoidance, according to National Jewish Health. An allergist can perform allergy tests to identify and confirm which substances will cause an allergic reaction. OTC drugs, such as antihistamines and decongestants, are used to block histamine in the body and reduce sinus inflammation, according to MayoClinic.com. Immunotherapy, or allergy shots, are recommended by the AAAAI for people suffering from severe chronic allergy conditions.
