Stomach cramps and diarrhea are common symptoms that affect most people at some point during their lives. In most cases, these symptoms are a result of eating trigger foods, eating too much or an acute sickness, such as food poisoning. Chronic stomach cramps and diarrhea are usually more serious and indicate long-lasting underlying conditions.
Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease belongs to a group of diseases referred to as inflammatory bowel diseases, and is characterized by inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract. The exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, but the condition is believed to be a result of a combination of factors, such as genetics and immune system malfunctions, according to Mayo Clinic. Symptoms of Crohn's disease usually occur in flares, with periods of remission alternating with active symptoms. These symptoms include diarrhea, stomach cramps, abdominal pain, blood in the stool, reduced appetite and weight loss. Ulcers may also develop over time. Those with severe Crohn's disease may experience fever, fatigue, arthritis, swelling of the eye and liver inflammation.
Crohn's disease is a chronic condition for which there is no cure. However, there are treatment options available that can reduce symptoms. These include anti-inflammatory medications combined with immunosuppressant drugs, antibiotics, pain relievers or anti-diarrheal medications. In severe cases where medications are not effective, surgery may be required to remove the damaged part of the intestine or scar tissue that has formed.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder characterized by chronic abdominal cramping, diarrhea, pain, bloating and constipation. It does not cause any permanent damage to the colon, and it does not lead to any serious conditions, such as colon cancer. In order for irritable bowel syndrome do be diagnosed, symptoms must be present for at least 12 weeks of a 12-month period, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Its cause is unknown, but it is believed to be a result of increased sensitivity or structural and mechanical abnormalities in the colon. Treatment focuses on symptom relief. An antispasmodic medication may be prescribed to reduce colon contractions. Anti-diarrheal medications and mild sedatives may also be prescribed.
Lactose Intolerance
Lactose is a natural sugar that is found in the highest concentrations in milk and other dairy products. In order to digest lactose, the body makes an enzyme called lactase. Those who are lactose intolerant do not make enough of the enzyme lactase to properly digest lactose. Lactose intolerance usually develops with increasing age, although the exact cause is unclear. Other digestive diseases, such as celiac disease, may also play a role in the development of lactose intolerance. Symptoms of lactose intolerance present after the ingestion of lactose. The amount of lactose needed to cause symptoms varies from person to person, according to Medline Plus. Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, abdominal bloating, gas, nausea, weight loss and floating stools are common symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance can be successfully treated by removing dairy products from the diet. Because dairy products are the highest sources of calcium, a supplement should be added to the diet in most cases.
