Since its FDA approval in 1963, the birth control pill, or oral contraception, has remained a popular method of preventing pregnancy. Birth control pills utilize synthetic hormones to mimic the way estrogen and progesterone work to control the menstrual cycle. As with other medications, generic alternatives are available for most birth control pills. According to the FDA, generic drugs must contain the same active ingredients as the brand name. The difference lies in the type of preservatives used in generics versus brand names. Women should never smoke while taking birth control pills. Oral birth control does not protect against any sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.
Combined Estogen and Progesterone
Combined birth control pills contain both a synthetic estrogen and progesterone. According to MedlinePlus, they contain the generics ethinyl estradiol and a progesterone, such as norethindrone or norgestrel. These pills work by fooling the body into believing it is pregnant, thereby preventing ovulation, or the release of a new egg each month. They also thicken the consistency of the mucus of the cervix, blocking sperm from entering the uterus. This type of birth control pill is very effective in preventing pregnancy and comes in packs of 21 or 28. Combined birth control pills have a number of side effects to include headache, weight gain and breast tenderness.
Progestin-Only
The mini pill contains the hormone progestin, or norethindrone, only, according to the Mayo Clinic. It is also called a POP, or progestin-only pill. It works by thinning out the uterine lining, preventing implantation, and thickening the mucus plug of the cervix. It may prevent ovulation at times. The mini pill contains a lower dose of progestin than the combination pills and is slightly less effective. It is sold in packs of 28 and must be taken at the same time every day. The side effects include headache, weight gain and cramping.
Extended Cycle Estrogen and Progesterone
Extended use and continuous use birth control pills are relatively new to the market, so at this time there are not as many generic brands available. These pills also contain both ethinyl estradiol and a synthetic progesterone, such as drospirenone or levonorgestrel. They offer the convenience of having fewer periods per year, as well as preventing pregnancy, according to the Mayo Clinic. The difference is that this type of pill is taken for 81 to 84 days continually, or for one year continually. The side effects include breakthrough bleeding, nausea and headache.
The Morning After Progestin-Only
Accidents can happen, and that is why there is a "morning after" pill available. The morning after pill contains progestin, or norethindrone, only. It works by thinning out the uterine lining so that a fertilized egg cannot be implanted. According to Planned Parenthood, the morning after pill is 89 percent effective when taken within 72 hours after intercourse. Side effects include heavy periods and nausea. The generic alternative for the morning after pill is Next Choice,
