The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system that produces insulin and enzymes that aid digestion. Digestive enzymes travel from the pancreas directly into the intestines to help break down the foods you eat. The pancreas secretes insulin in response to rising blood sugar levels after food is digested. Improper function of the pancreas can lead to digestive problems and the development of diabetes.
Definition
Simply put, pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, or NDDIC, pancreatitis can occur both acutely and chronically. Mild cases of pancreatitis may resolve themselves, but more serious cases need treatment and could cause life threatening complications. Common symptoms of pancreatitis can include severe abdominal pain and tenderness, nausea and vomiting. High-fat diets, alcoholism, smoking, certain medications and ulcers are a few causes commonly associated with pancreatitis. During pancreatitis, the digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas are released too early, which irritates the pancreas, resulting in the unpleasant symptoms associated with pancreatitis.
Treatment
According to the NDDIC, initial treatment of pancreatitis generally requires hospitalization. Pain medications and intravenous fluids are administered to help ease discomfort and regulate the pancreas. Patients are generally taken off oral food consumption for a few days to help give the pancreas time to rest and repair itself. Length of hospital stays vary depending on the severity of the case and the individual's ability to heal quickly. Surgery, either on the pancreas or the gallbladder, may be needed in some situations. After discharge from the hospital, medical maintenance will vary according to individual needs. Alcohol abuse treatment, pain medications and diet changes are often prescribed if applicable. Doctors can also prescribe pancreatic enzyme supplements if needed. These supplements can be taken with meals and help break down foods consumed. These medications help perform the digestive function of the pancreas, which enables the pancreas to not have to work as hard.
Diet
A low-fat diet is extremely important to an individual with pancreatitis. Diets high in fat can lead to high cholesterol, triglyceride and overall blood lipid levels. Increases in these values are a contributing factor in pancreatitis. Fat stays in the system longer, taking longer to digest, which in turn makes the pancreas work harder. A diet low in fat will help reduce the amount of work the pancreas has to do and can help manage and limit bouts of pancreatitis. Fried foods are essentially excluded from the diet. Cooking methods such as grilling, baking, boiling and steaming should be used instead. Foods high in saturated fats, such as meats, butter and other animal products, should be used very sparingly. Vegetables, fruits and whole grains are encouraged. These types of foods will help increase fullness and satisfaction without large amounts of fat, which can increase blood lipid levels and trigger pancreatitis.
Alcohol
Alcohol is a contributing factor in pancreatitis. Individuals with pancreatitis are encouraged to avoid alcohol consumption, regardless of the severity of their case. Alcohol can lead to an acute pancreatitis attack and can result in hospitalization. Although every case is different, and some people may be able to tolerate small amounts of alcohol without exhibiting pancreatitis symptoms, it is best to avoid consumption altogether. Any plans to consume alcohol should be discussed with a doctor or dietitian beforehand.
Meal Size
Small frequent meals are best for individuals with a history of pancreatitis. Smaller meal sizes do not overload the pancreas, allowing it to perform its digestive function more easily. Drinking plenty of fluids is also highly recommended by the NDDIC. Fluids help foods move through the digestive tract easier and faster. According to the Mayo Clinic, pancreatitis can lead to dehydration, mainly through vomiting and decreased appetite. Keeping a water bottle handy can help ensure fluid consumption. Caffeine tends to aggravate pancreatitis, so caffeinated beverages should be consumed in limited quantities.
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