Blood in the stool can originate from anywhere in the digestive tract, which runs the entire length from the mouth to the anus. The color of bloody stools is often indicative of what condition is causing the blood, and can range from bright red to black, according to MedlinePlus. Bloody stools are a sign of injury in the digestive tract or a digestive disorder and should not be ignored.
Anal Fissure
An anal fissure is a cut or tear in the thin tissue called the mucosa, which lines the anus. Anal fissures can occur as a result of increased pressure exerted during times of constipation, stools that are large and hard or chronic diarrhea, according to MedlinePlus. Anal fissures can also occur during pregnancy or as a symptom of digestive diseases such as Crohn's disease. Symptoms of anal fissures include painful bowel movements and bloody stools. Constipation may also occur in those with an anal fissure. Most anal fissures heal on their own with proper home care, such as gentle cleansing, increased fiber diets that allow for easier passage of stools, petroleum jelly and stool softeners. In some cases, medical treatment may be needed. Treatment options include botox injections into the anal sphincter, or surgery that allows the anal muscle to relax more easily.
Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Inflammation can occur in any area of the digestive tract, but most often affects the ileum, a part of the small intestine. The exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, but the most prominent theory is that it occurs as a result of abnormal immune reactions, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Symptoms of Crohn's disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and rectal bleeding that results in bloody stools. Occasionally, bleeding can be so severe that it leads to anemia. Minor cases of Crohn's disease can usually be treated with a combination of medications that includes anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, antibiotics and anti-diarrheal medications. In those with severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the damaged part of the intestine; however, surgery does not cure the disease.
Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is cancer of the lower part of the digestive system, called the colon. Most cases of colon cancer begin as benign growths in the colon called polyps, according to MayoClinic.com. Genetics can also play a role in the development of colon cancer. In the early stages of colon cancer, there are usually no symptoms. As the disease progresses and the cancer grows, symptoms include bloody stools, change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, abdominal cramps, gas, weakness, fatigue and unexplained weight loss. Treatment for colon cancer depends on the stage of the cancer. In the early stages, individual tumors may be removed with surgery. In middle stages where cancer has spread, parts of the colon may be removed completely. Advanced colon cancer may require surgery to remove cancerous lesions, as well as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
