The eye is comprised of a complex system of layers that work together for producing vision. The National Eye Institute explains that the cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, which serves to protect the rest of the eye from external irritants such as dust or germ particles. Several forms of injury can occur in the eye either around the cornea or other internal layers of the eye. The result of injury is typically signified by inflammation or swelling in addition to redness or watery discharge. Due to the sensitivity of the eye, physician consultation is suggested if symptoms beyond swelling such as pain, stinging or the appearance of blood occurs.
Weakened Eye Tissue
The process of aging can cause minor eye swelling. The Mayo Clinic explains that the tissue around the eyes as well as the supporting eye muscles weaken with age. Gravity is also a culprit in the aging process, forcing fat stores to drop from the upper lid to the lower eyelid, giving the appearance of puffiness and swelling. Aging as cause of swelling is not necessarily cause for medical intervention if no other symptoms exist beyond eye puffiness. To combat eye swelling from aging, over-the-counter eye lift creams can decrease swelling as well as using a cold compress for a few minutes a day when eyes are most swollen. In extreme cases of swelling from aging, cosmetic surgery is an option to remove the excess fat from the lids.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, the conjunctiva, a thin membrane covering the eyeball is subject to swelling and redness when irritated by outside particles. Other symptoms include itchiness, pain and watery discharge. Differing sources can lead to allergic conjunctivitis such as cosmetics, pollen or perfumes and bacterial infections. Eye drops containing antihistamine may reduce swelling and are available over-the-counter or in prescription strength. In the event of this condition, avoid rubbing the eyes to prevent further irritation or dust particles entering the already sensitive eye area.
Keratoconus
The National Eye Institute reports that one in every 2,000 Americans is affected by a progressive thinning of the cornea, referred to as keratoconus. This condition leads to the cornea bulging outward and changing curvature. As a result, the eye swells and the inner eye tissue scars, which can eventually impair vision. Factors leading to keratoconus include genetics, injury from wearing hard contact lenses and eye rubbing or as a result of other medical conditions.
Herpes Viral Infection
Herpes of the eye is caused by contracting the herpes simplex virus. The Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University of Illinois reports that herpetic eye disease affects over 500,000 Americans in any given year. The cornea is impacted by herpes with symptoms of scarring, sores on the surface of the eye and inflammation. Ocular herpes is not curable, however, it is controlled by prescription antiviral eye-drops. Severe ocular herpes causes prolonged inflammation and may require corneal transplant to restore disrupted vision.
