Degenerative disc disease refers to the way that the vertebrae around the spinal column deteriorate due to age, with the discs losing their ability to flex and absorb motion shock, according to NeckSurgery.com. As a result of this deterioration, the gelatinous tissue inside the disc becomes drier and more prone to injury. The associated pain and spinal weakness can become so severe as to require the pursuit of a surgical option.
Anterior Cervical Discectomy
According to Cedars-Sinai, anterior cervical discectomy is a popular choice for treating multiple spinal conditions. For degenerative disc disease, the surgical procedure removes pieces of the bone to alleviate spinal cord compression or nerve root pressure which may be causing patient pain. Cedars-Sinai notes that this procedure can be used even if previous surgical options have failed. The procedure is performed through incisions made at the front of the neck, according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons.
Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion
Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion is another popular choice for treating degenerative disc disease. According to Cedars-Sinai, this treatment option removes damaged or pressurizing bone and then adds in a bone graft or metal plate to stabilize the spinal area. This provides protection for the spinal column and can end pain caused by pressure on the nerves.
Foraminotomy
According to Medline Plus, a foraminotomy works to relieve the symptoms of degenerative disc disease by widening the opening in the spine where nerve roots pass into the spinal column. Widening this area reduces pressure on nerves, which can reduce pain symptoms. It can also allow the base of the spinal column to flex more easily. Medline Plus notes that it can be performed on other areas of the spine in addition to the base where compression is occurring.
Corpectomy
This surgical procedure is often performed in conjunction with an anterior cervical discectomy, according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. It is generally used for multiple compression points related to degenerative disc disease and involves the removal of vertebral bone to create space for the spinal column and nerves. Stabilizing screws, bone grafts and metal plates may be used to assist with healing and later movement of the spine. Since it is a more intensive surgery and may involve multiple vertebrae being removed, recovery times are quite lengthy, according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons.
