Ankle swelling and pain is often the result of an injury to the blood vessels, cartilage and tendons of the leg. Underlying medical conditions such as arthritis are usually associated with pain and swelling of the joints in the lower extremities. Ice compression, elevation of the feet and wearing support stockings can help alleviate the pain and swelling in the ankles.
Fracture and Sprain
According to MayoClinic.com, an injury to the bones, ligaments or tendons in the ankle can result in ankle pain. An ankle sprain caused by twisting or stretching the ankle ligaments beyond their normal range is a common cause of ankle pain and swelling. A fracture to the ankle is the result of a tiny crack in the ankle bone and is most often caused by excessive or repetitive force on the ankle bone. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, the RICE method--rest, ice, compression dressing and elevation--can help alleviate the pain and swelling associated with an injury or fracture to the ankles.
Arthritis
According to MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and septic arthritis can cause ankle pain. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a systemic inflammation of the joints. In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system produce antibodies that target the joints of the wrists, ankles and shoulders, resulting in inflammation and pain. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that deteriorates the cartilage between the bones, causing the bones to rub together. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint, including the ankles, and is characterized by pain and swelling of the affected joints. Ankle swelling and pain due to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are treated with anti-inflammatory medications.
Fluid Leakage and Retention
Peripheral edema is caused by leakage of fluid from the blood vessels, resulting in accumulation of fluids and swelling. Prolonged standing or sitting, as well as excessive intake of sodium, can result in swelling of the ankles. While the leakage of fluids from the vessels can cause edema in the ankles, this type of swelling is usually not painful.
Chronic leg vein insufficiency, on the other hand, is the result of faulty valves in the veins, resulting in fluid leakage and painful swelling of the ankles. Regular exercise, decreasing one's daily sodium intake and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting can help reduce painful, swollen ankles.
