Contact dermatitis is the clinical name for a rash with redness, swelling and itching that results from skin contact with any substance that causes an allergic reaction. Sap from poison ivy, oak and sumac plants causes the majority of cases. Insect bites, latex, hair dyes and other chemicals are less common triggers. The severity of the reaction ranges from mild to more severe cases of hives or blistering. Medications contain several common ingredients to reduce pain, itch and swelling.
Calamine
Calamine is an mixture of the inorganic compounds zinc oxide and ferric oxide available in lotions, creams or ointments for relieving the itching and pain of minor skin allergies. It dries the oozing and weeping of rashes from contact with the plant saps. Calamine is for external use only. Consult a physician if the rash worsens or persists after one week.
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine-a compound that blocks the body's allergic response to a foreign invader. It relieves hives and swelling. Diphenhydramine is sold as a pill and in several forms that can be applied directly to the skin. The lotions, creams and sprays should never be swallowed. Consult a doctor before using if you have any concerns after reading the product label.
Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone is also called cortisol. It is a steroid produced by the body that relieves pain and itching and stops the rash from spreading. Lower doses of hydrocortisone creams, lotions or ointments are available without a prescription. A doctor can prescribe a more concentrated cream or a pill form for severe cases of dermatitis. Consult a doctor before using if you have any concerns after reading the product label, or if the rash does not clear within one week.
Pramoxine
Pramoxine is an organic compound used as an anisthetic-a compound that blocks the pain signals sent from the nerves to the brain. It is applied to the skin to treat pain and itching. Read the label fully before using. Consult a doctor before using if pregnant or nursing.
Oatmeal
Colloidal oatmeal is listed as Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour. Oatmeal is a natural remedy for soothing itchy skin. It is frequently found in lotions in addition to other active ingredients.
Zinc Acetate
Zinc acetate is an inorganic chemical used as an astringent-an agent that shrinks and drives blood from the skin. It is added to creams and other topical products to protect the inflamed area.
Inactive Ingredients
Product labels include ingredients that do not provide the primary effect of the medication. Aloe vera gel, camphor and menthol are natural products traditionally used to soothe skin.
References
- "The Merck Index"; Susan Budavari, editor; 1996
- Mayo Clinic: Calamine (Topical Route)
- Drugs.com: Benadryl Cream
- Drugs.com: Corticosteroid-low Potency
- Drugs.com: Pramoxine
