Patients with autism have developmental problems, which affect their social interactions and communication skills. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke explains that autism is the most severe type of autism spectrum disorder. Other autism spectrum disorders include Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. MedlinePlus points out that autism patients show noticeable signs by 18 months.
Prevalence
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that in the United States, one in every 80 to 240 children has a type of autism spectrum disorder. MedlinePlus adds that boys have autism three to four times more often than girls.
Signs and Symptoms
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke points out that a sure sign of autism is impaired interaction with other people. For example, autistic children do not respond to their names and have poor eye contact. When playing, they retreat into their own worlds and do not interact with other children. Autistic children also resist physical contact, even from their parents. Autism can cause communication problems, as well. MayoClinic.com notes that children with autism begin talking after they are two years old. They have problems beginning a conversation or maintaining one. When speaking, autistic children have an abnormal speech rhythm and repeat words without knowing how to use them. Other signs of autism include repetitive movements and interests in a particular part of an object.
Developmental Delay
Children with autism do not reach developmental milestones. For example, most autistic children do not babble or gesture at 12 months old. When they reach 16 months, they do not say single words. MedlinePlus notes that some autistic children may develop normally, but then lose their social and language skills.
Diagnosis
Doctors look for developmental delays when diagnosing autism. They also evaluate the child's language, motor and thinking skills. MedlinePlus explains that the diagnosis process may involve using a screening test, such as the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, or the Autism Diagnostic Interview---Revised. These screening tests include specific questions and signs for the doctor to observe.
Treatment
No cure exists for autism, so treatments focus on the symptoms and helping patients function. Children may undergo education or behavioral therapies, which help them with their social and language skills. A doctor may prescribe medications if the child also has anxiety, depression, behavioral problems or seizures. For example, MedlinePlus notes that risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, can help with aggression and irritability. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke warns that parents should be careful with unproven and controversial treatments, as they do not have scientific backing.
