The kidneys are vital organs, and when they deteriorate, other body systems will follow. One of their primary functions is to remove waste from the body through the urine. If you have been diagnosed with some kidney disease, you can work to preserve kidney function by following a renal diet.
Protein
Depending on the level of your kidney disease, you may need to lower, but not eliminate, your protein intake. Urea is a byproduct of protein breakdown. Healthy kidneys can separate the urea from the protein and waste it through the urine. When your kidneys do not waste urea, it can build up in your system. Protein is necessary to your body for rebuilding tissue and is found in many foods, including eggs, meat, fish and poultry.
Fluid Control
Maintaining an appropriate fluid balance is important on a renal diet. You want the amounts of your intake of fluids and urine output to be very close, and your physician will prescribe an appropriate amount for you. As kidney disease progresses, they are unable to remove the fluid from your body adequately. This may cause swelling in your extremities and shortness of breath, says the American Association of Kidney Patients. It also may cause your heart to work harder. Any food that turns to liquid at room temperature is included in your fluid intake record, such as gelatin and sherbet.
Potassium Intake
Higher than normal levels of potassium or hyperkalemia, is a serious complication you may have with renal disease. This complication can cause severe problems with your heart. Your kidney function controls the amount of potassium in the body. You can find potassium in many foods and supplements. Bananas, apricots, sweet potatoes and tomato juice are just a few items that have high potassium content. Limit these and other high potassium foods while on a renal diet.
Sodium Intake
With renal disease, the sodium level is often low. When your body retains sodium, it also retains water. The sodium restrictions with a renal diet are in place to prevent swelling, heart failure and high blood pressure associated with the retention. The National Kidney Foundation warns that canned foods, smoked meats, and processed food usually have high sodium content, and you should avoid them. Read food labels and opt for low-salt products when available.
Phosphorus and Calcium
The kidneys are responsible for excreting excess phosphorus, but the phosphorus levels may be higher in renal disease when the body cannot get rid of the extra. Phosphorus is essential to strong bones and teeth. When your phosphorus levels rise, your calcium levels decrease because the body attempts to correct the difference by taking calcium from your bones. This will cause your bones to suffer, says the Medical College of Washington. Monitor your consumption of dairy products such as milk and cheese, as they are high in phosphorus. If you control your phosphorus levels well, the calcium levels will also be regulated.
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