According to Merck & Co, human papillomavirus, or HPV, will affect 75 percent to 80 percent of males and females. Normally, HPV clears on its own, but for those susceptible, cervical, vulva and vaginal cancer can occur in women, and genital warts in both genders. Spread through skin contact, not necessarily intercourse, it's possible to have the virus and be asymptomatic, passing it on to a partner unknowingly. Gardasil protects against four HPV types.
Protection Through Vaccination
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration states that Gardasil is effective in preventing vulva and vaginal cancer. In females ages 9 to 26, vaccinations can protect against cervical cancer, genital warts and cervical, vaginal and vulva neoplasia in specific stages. Vaccine for males between 9 and 26 can prevent genital warts caused by HPV types 6 and 11. Of more than 100 types of HPV, 40 are responsible for sexually transmitted diseases. The FDA states that Gardasil is effective only against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 and advises women to continue routine cervical screening. Three doses of the vaccine are necessary to be effective.
Common Side Effects
The most common side effects listed in the FDA's "Patient Information about Gardasil" product information are nausea, dizziness, vomiting, headache, fever, fainting and pain, bruising, itching, swelling and redness at the injection site. If any of these symptoms persist or become bothersome, call a physician. Signs of an allergic reaction may be wheezing, rash, hives and difficulty breathing. Medical help should be sought immediately.
Serious Side Effects
The FDA's "Patient Information about Gardasil" product information also mentions more serious side effects and says that a physician should be notified or medical attention sought. They are seizure, shortness of breath and chest pain, swollen glands, joint pain, unusual tiredness, weakness, confusion and bleeding or bruising. It warns that even if these symptoms appear several months after the vaccine, they should be taken seriously and are reason to seek medical help.
