Smoking tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the U.S. Tobacco contains nicotine---an extremely addictive substance with stimulant properties. Understanding why smoking kills allows nonsmokers and smokers alike to make informed decisions about their health.
Smoking Statistics
Despite the well-known risks of cigarette smoking, tobacco use is common in many populations. According to Smoking Statistics.org, lung cancer is the most common cause of death among U.S. men and women, with smoking being responsible for roughly 87 percent of all lung cancer deaths.
Nicotine Addiction
The risk of nicotine addiction is a large factor in tobacco's high mortality rate. According to "Wired" magazine, the nicotine in cigarettes is as addictive as amphetamines, cocaine or heroin and is often harder to quit. Many first-time smokers go on to become long-term nicotine addicts despite the health risks.
Nicotine causes addiction by triggering the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that causes feelings of energy and euphoria. This reinforcing effect is responsible for the addictive nature of cigarettes, cigars and other tobacco products.
Health Risks
Cigarette smoke contains some 4,000 chemicals, about 60 of which have been proven to cause cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, not only does tobacco contain chemicals such as carbon monoxide and ammonia, it is also high in the radioactive material polonium-210, which is thought to further increase cancer risks.
Nicotine acts as a vasoconstrictor, tightening blood vessels and restricting circulation to the brain and heart, thus increasing the risk for heart attack and stroke.
Misconceptions
Some cigarettes are marketed as "low-tar," implying a safer smoke. In reality, all cigarettes contain dangerous compounds and are capable of causing short- and long-term health effects such as cancer and emphysema. Smokeless tobacco products such as chew and dip also contain carcinogenic chemicals and are not a safe alternative to cigarettes.
Prevention/Solution
The best prevention for tobacco-related conditions is avoiding cigarette smoke. Products such as electronic cigarettes and the drug varenicline can help ease symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thereby increasing your chances of quitting.
Prevention programs aimed at children and teens can help influence decision-making regarding cigarette smoking. Spreading honest information about the risks of smoking educates people so they can make smart decisions.
